| Solving the Problem Damaging Ipo and Angat Watersheds; Solution to the illegal activities within the watersheds | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: May 18 2017, 05:51 AM (355 Views) | |
| emancampos | May 18 2017, 05:51 AM Post #1 |
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Solving the Problem Damaging Ipo and Angat Watersheds Solution to the illegal activities within the watersheds ![]() Mt. Oriod IMPORTANCE OF THE WATERSHED The 62,300-hectare Angat Watershed Reservation lies at the Southernmost tip of the Sierra Madre mountain range and straddles the towns of Dona Remedios Trinidad, Norzagaray, and San Jose Del Monte in Bulacan Its principal river, Angat River, supplies water to both the Angat Dam and the La Mesa Dam. Angat Dam irrigates more than 30,000 hectares of prime agricultural lands in Bulacan and feeds some 200 Megawatt of hydroelectric power to the Luzon grid. La Mesa Dam, on the other hand, brings domestic water to some 12 million people of Metro Manila. Some portions of Cavite also depend on La Mesa Dam for their water requirements. The Angat Watershed Reservation is home to some 500 indigenous Dumagat families, and is the focus of major forest protection and conservation efforts of DENR Region III. ![]() ![]() The conservation area also extends to the provinces of Nueva Ecija and Quezon and is centered on an artificial lake created by the Angat Dam which, together with the Ipo Dam located 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) downstream, supply 97% of the water requirement of Metro Manila via an aqueduct system to the La Mesa Dam and Reservoir and the Balara Filtration Plant in Quezon City. The Angat Dam and Reservoir is also a major source of hydroelectricity for Metro Manila and surrounding provinces, contributing some 200 megawatts to the Luzon grid. The watershed is a popular birdwatching site and is a biodiversity hotspot containing most of the remaining closed-canopy forests in Central Luzon. The Angat Watershed was first gazetted on July 26, 1904 as the Angat River Reserve through Executive Order No. 33 signed by Civil Governor Luke Edward Wright. It set aside the Angat River in the municipality of Norzagaray bordering Mounts Salacot, Balugan and Sulip in the Sierra Madre range and including the Bulagao and Bitbit creeks for purposes of the development of water power from the river. On March 10, 1927 through Proclamation No. 71 signed by Governor-General Leonard Wood, the 62,309-hectare (153,970-acre) Angat Watershed Forest Reserve was established covering portions of the municipalities of Montalban (now Rodriguez), San José del Monte, Norzagaray, Angat, San Rafael, San Miguel, Peñaranda and Infanta in the provinces of Rizal, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija and Tayabas, with the administration and control placed under the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. At about this time, the Metropolitan Water District (now Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System) started construction on the ₱11,500,000 Angat–Novaliches Water System including the tunnel (from Angat to La Mesa reservoir) and the Ipo dam located within the reserve, which was completed in 1939 and inaugurated in 1940. On April 30, 1968, 6,600 hectares (16,000 acres) of land surrounding the Ipo Dam was declared as a separate forest range and watershed management pilot project reserve through Proclamation No. 391 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos. This declaration effectively excluded the southern section of the watershed from the control of the National Power Corporation and placed it instead under the joint administration and control of the Director of Forestry of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the General Manager of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System. The forest reserve is divided into two sub-catchment areas: the Forest Range and the Metro Water District. The Angat Watershed and Forest Range, also known as the Angat Watershed Management Pilot Project Reserve, covers 6,600 hectares (16,000 acres) in San Jose del Monte, Norzagaray and Rodriguez, and supports the Ipo Dam, which has a capacity of 7,500,000 cubic metres (260,000,000 cu ft) and a spilling level of 101 metres (331 ft). It is under the administration of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System. The Metro Water District, also known as the Angat–Maasim River Watershed, covers the remaining 55,709 hectares (137,660 acres) and contains the Angat Hydroelectric Dam, which has a reservoir capacity of 850,000,000 cubic metres (3.0×1010 cu ft) and a normal water level of 212 metres (696 ft). The Angat Hydropower Corporation, a joint venture of San Miguel Corporation and K-water, has managed the reserve since taking over ownership of the hydroelectric power plant from the National Power Corporation in 2014. It stretches downstream from the watershed into several municipalities and irrigates more than 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) of prime agricultural lands before draining into the Pampanga River in Calumpit and eventually exiting into the Manila Bay. Additional water supply is fed into the Angat reservoir through the Angat–Umiray trans-basin tunnel which runs for 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Umiray River on the eastern side of Sierra Madre in General Nakar. BIODIVERITY The Angat Watershed supports a variety of wildlife thanks to its location in the Sierra Madre and its rich hydrology and terrestrial ecology coated by lowland dipterocarp forests, submontane forests, grasslands, secondary bamboo and scrublands. It is home to 290 endemic species of woody and non-woody plants, including the white lauan (known locally as bagtikan), tanguile, yakal, acacia and narra. A good area for bird-watching, the Angat reserve attracts 43 different bird species, many of which are threatened or restricted. In addition to the two most visible birds in the reserve, the Luzon hornbill (known locally as kalao) and the Rufous hornbill, the reserve also attracts large flocks of spotted imperial pigeon, scale-feathered malkoha, rough-crested malkoha, grey-backed tailorbird, and Philippine eagle owl. These avian species are all endemic to the Philippines, with the Luzon hornbill and Philippine eagle-owl classified as near-threatened and vulnerable. The data-deficient Worcester's buttonquail has also been recorded in the watershed, as well as the Philippine hawk-eagle, Philippine dwarf kingfisher, green racket-tail, whiskered pitta, celestial monarch, ashy thrush, ashy-breasted flycatcher, flame-breasted fruit dove, and green-faced parrotfinch. Two near-threatened mammals are known to roam the watershed forest at Angat, the crab-eating macaque and the Philippine warty pig. It is also a known habitat of the Philippine deer. Other rare species of note in the protected area include the blazed Luzon shrew rat, and 66 species of vertebrates, including the endemic Japanese bullet frog and marbled water monitor. The Angat reservoir is stocked with huge tilapia and eel. DUMAGATS The reserve is home to an indigenous population known as Dumagat tribe, which inhabit twelve sitios in the villages of San Mateo, San Lorenzo and San Isidro in Norzagaray, and Kabayunan in Doña Remedios Trinidad. These Dumagats have also been involved in some slash-and-burn or kaingin but as per data, their activity is not as destructive as those coal-makers and kaingeros from the outside. They only utilize what the forest can give them for food. Outsiders such as the loggers and coal-makers use it for easy money and in commercial quantity. Dumagats only cut small trees for their firewood. Outsiders bring in chainsaws and cut old-growth huge trees. Also, the Dumagats only burn a small patch of land for their agriculture to sustain their needs. Those outsiders burn huge areas, usually in several hectares. The Dumagats can be allowed to stay in the reserve if their lifestyle stay that way. They can also be tapped for forest management and protection. THE PROBLEM As mentioned above, the Dumagats have also done some slash-and-burn activities and tree cutting but then again they somehow give respect to the forest by only taking what they need to sustain their food. They consider the forest as a vital part of their survival, which in turn encourages them to protect the forest themselves in their own way. The biggest threat comes from outsiders. Most of those engaging in the illegal activities are informal settlers. Some are from Bulacan and Rizal, some migrants are from as far as Visayas and Mindanao. Many have illegally encroached many areas right inside the watershed. They leveled the trees to the ground to make way for farmlands and for their homes. They burned down hectares of land, took all they wanted and then left without planting a single seedling. They have engaged in these very destructive coal-making and logging, the biggest threats to the watershed. ![]() Mt. Oriod: the highest peak in Bulacan and supplies water to Ipo and Angat dam. Notice the smoke and patches of uncovered soil. If these charcoal makers aren't stopped, this entire mountain will end up totally bare. Time for all to act. Now! ![]() May 10, 2017 photo: Areas within the Ipo watershed damaged by loggers and kaingeros. Do you notice that smoke in the left side of the photo? Well, some are again making charcoal. The smoke comes from a kiln used for making charcoals. ![]() There are outsiders who set up houses and even communities right within the supposedly a protected watershed. Another big problem is the lack of enforcement of environmental laws by the DENR and MWSS in cooperation with the police and military. Forest guards are too outnumbered. In some cases, these forest guards aren't doing their job at all. The outposts set up in strategic spots are unmanned despite the fact that forest guards have already been assigned to man these. Perhaps, these erring employees are doing something else. Some say that the community officials have allowed these illegal activities to happen since many from among them are involved in the coal-making and logging too. Reports say that when the DENR men tasked to thwart the illegal activities of outsiders have gone home, since all of them are only paid to work by day, these culprits would begin bringing out the illegally produced coals and illegally cut woods from their storerooms and transporting these to other cities, provinces or even Metro Manila. Worse, there are reports telling that some irresponsible locals have been deliberately burning down trees to compel tree-planting groups, donors or volunteers to move in and finance another tree-planting program, which these culprits earn from. Reforestation scams happen too. A previously planted seedling in another site is uprooted and resold. Believe it or not, they even burn areas that have already been reforested, for the same selfish reason of getting another means of earning money from the reforestation efforts. There's also small-scale mining and poaching of wildlife. Hiking activities involving nature lovers and mountaineers somehow helped curb these illegal activities especially in other well-managed forest areas. But much is needed to be done because these outsiders found coal-making and logging as 'easy money' for them and the law enforcement is very weak or totally absent. In one scenario, when the DENR began regulating the influx of hikers to prevent the area from being abused by irresponsible hikers, like the concern on trash, human waste and abusive activities, some locals visited this person, right in his home, who's involved in implementing the new concept and they sort of tried to threaten this person into cancelling this new rule since this has greatly affected their income from tour guide fees and sales of snack food, etcetera, which diminished due to the new regulation. Another very serious concern is the growth of the cluster of houses. Expect that when one outsider sets up a house right inside the watershed, soon enough a relative or friend will also set up his own near him. Add to that, these people behave like baby factories (kasi anak ng anak), they will keep on making babies even if they can't fully support them financially. They do not care about family planning or responsible parenthood. ![]() baby factory in the watershed. (photo credit to reevrobledo.com) It is also possible that it is their means of security since when these babies grow up, they can have someone to help them in the field or to do the work for them, just like how farmers in the barrio in the old days see it. The reality in the illegal settlement inside the watershed is that 'one couple means one house illegally built in the watershed'. But if they can produce 10 offspring, expect that 10 houses will be built later on when these offspring start their own family. Now, calculate that for 500 couples who have built their own home right inside the watershed. ![]() Photo: do you notice the cluster of houses in the middle of this photo? That will worsen. Imagine the water contamination. Look at how this once thick forest have turn into a mere grassland. Remember, that this is a watershed that supplies water to Metro Manila, Bulacan and Calabarzon. Some outsiders even claim they are Dumagats to evade being evicted from the watershed. They even inter-marry with Dumagats to enjoy the privilege of being among the indigenous people who have legal claims on this so-called ancestral domain. Some powerful people in the areas have even encroached on these areas ...... or landgrabbed these areas and turned it into farms, ranches and resort facilities. How were they able to get a titled ownership of these lands when these are within the protected area anyway? Therefore, the cycle of attracting other outsiders to come in and set up their own house and be their new neighbors, plus the baby factory problem, will eventually create growing communities across the entire watershed. Human waste, food waste, chemicals and other contaminants and pollutants will damage water quality in the watershed. ![]() Human waste in Ipo watershed. See Video, click here You will see these illegal settlers washing laundry right in the tributaries. Kids and even adults defecating and urinating right in these tributaries. Remember that millions of people in Metro Manila and in most areas in Calabarzon drink water that is supplied by this watershed. Think of these illegal settlers' feces and urine entering our own body through the water we drink everyday. Worse, due to the logging and Kaingin (slash-and-burn), the water supply may diminished due to lack of rainfall since there is now much less trees that can attract rain clouds. Add to that the quality of water. Since the forest helps filter rainwater and prevent soil erosion, the water that will come out from your faucet will now look brownish and tastes not as clean as how it should be. One report revealed the decrease in the water level. Forest acts as water storage, by the way. If you cut the trees, that storage capacity of the entire watershed is diminished too. Forest acts as water filters too aside from controlling soil erosion. Water will turn more brownish if the slopes are deforested. SOLUTION The problem managed to take roots because of the lack of law enforcement. DENR and MWSS dont have the budget and people to do these tasks of protecting and managing properly these watersheds. Also, as per other articles, the solution must involve the locals, the stakeholders. A holistic approach. A concept that can provide a win-win solution. List of what to do; 1. DENR must assign a local forest management unit, formed by the local community, to manage the forest. The group may form a cooperative or a livelihood association. This includes running a tree nursery, conducting regular tree-planting and nurturing activities. They can also be allowed to pursue eco-tourism to build added funds for the member's salary and benefits. DENR and MWSS will also finance the operation of the tree-nursery, tree-planting and nurturing. Technical training is essential. The forest management unit may also tap the hikers and other volunteers for the tree-planting and nurturing. DENR, MWSS and even NAPOCOR must also keep on providing funds for this program. They must keep on paying for every seedling that survives. This shall form part of their steady source of livelihood. An audit must be done to ensure that the reforestation program works and that the money is not wasted since there are stories saying that there are unscrupulous group of people who planted trees but they did not pursue nurturing or they even deliberately burned it down or let it dry out and rot since they already got the payment for planting the seedlings. It is possible that this practice remains. This is why an audit is vital. By the way, a model for this forest management concept is that of KAPUNCAN in Carangglan, Nueva Ecija. Click here for more info. ![]() KAPUNCAN head, Mr. Roy Manuzon, in white, with a team of hikers for Mt. 387 2. Law enforcement and stricter penalty on violators. The forest management unit must select from its members those who will perform the duty of forest guards. Equipped enough. Trained enough. They should also work closely with the police and military in crafting a strategy in arresting or trapping a violator. 3. Relocate all the illegal settlers out of the protected area. Perhaps, create a relocation site at the boundary. Negotiate with NHA regarding the housing project. We need to relocate all of them because sooner or later those lone houses scattered across the watershed will sprout into full blown communities. We can also monitor better the movement of people and their illegal activities if they are concentrated on a single spot. As for the Dumagats, we can let them stay there but we need to make an audit in order to flush out those outsiders who deliberately made relationships with them for the purpose of enjoying the privilege of being a Dumagat and be covered by the law on ancestral domain. Areas must be chosen as safe spots for the Dumagats. All the Dumagats must be relocated there and not allowed to simply set up communities anywhere. National interest must be considered as well and not only the issue on the ancestral domain. Dumagats must also be educated on how to properly dispose human waste. Perhaps teaching them to use of a simple flush type toilet bowl will help. 4. Set up checkpoints in strategic areas that operates 24 x 7. They must have a radio communication equipment and the needed defensive weapons. They must have a good coordination with the military and cops. Training is essential. CCTV cameras must be installed to monitor corruption. 5. Get volunteers from schools and companies to continuously support these forest management units by endorsing tree-planting and nurturing and even camping and hiking. Get companies and foundations to support an 'Adopt a Tree' project, wherein a company or foundation is assigned 1 hectare of denuded area for reforestation and nurturing for 1 year. One year is considered so that they can again choose to adopt another hectare for the following year. This means that more areas will be covered. Also, the crucial stage is within the first few months after the seedling has been planted. It it reaches one year, the seedling would have grown 2 to 3 meters already and the roots would have reached deep enough. This is a sign that the young tree can now survive under normal year round conditions. Seedlings, by the way must be 2-feet or more in height already. In some areas where rainfall is not enough, a Self-watering device such as the 'soda bottle with pebble and cloth filter' should be installed. Rainwater collection system and similar measures must be installed too. To learn more about these, please see Reference below; 6. Resolve the issue on boundaries and the illegal occupation or questionable ownership of the land by some moneyed or influential individuals. Perhaps as a compromise, they can maintain a portion where they can continue their eco-tourism business. But ownership of the land that falls right within the territory of the watershed should be considered as a rented lot and these people must pay dues to the DENR-MWSS and taxes to the govt. Perhaps, they can be tapped as part of the forest management units, so it will be mutually beneficial to these people and the environment. 7. Reject and block any form of development right within the watershed. Do not set up schools, health clinics, LGU offices, market, stores, and power supply in the watershed. Hikers and volunteers should stop bringing in gifts since it will simply encourage these illegal settlers to stay and even invite more outsiders to move in. Better yet, focus on reforestation efforts and in the awareness campaign on the importance of the watershed and why the need to protect it. Roads, bridges, piers and other transport facilities should be banned. Roads and bridges including foot bridges created must be destroyed and these roads reforested. Boats and rafts in the watershed must all be confiscated. Forest management units in coordination with DENR and MWSS must register all boats and rafts used for eco-tourism and patrol. 8. Involve the national leadership, particularly the DENR Secretary, MWSS central office and Congressional Committees on the Environment. Many efforts failed since there are several scenarios, currently, wherein even the CENRO, PENRO and the Mayor's office are helpless because the people involved in the illegal activities are the politicians themselves or their relatives or a ranking police or military official. When illegal logging or encroachment is the problem, it should be elevated immediately to the DENR and MWSS central offices and the Congressional committees. Only them can compel the bigger police force or the military to confront these thugs or influential people and enforce the law finally. Sabi ng iba; "Hayaan na nating silang mag-sunog ng mag-sunog basta huwag tayo titigil na magtanim. Kungbaga lalo pa tayo magtanim para maunahan natin sila at baka sakali mahiya sila." Pero mabigat sa kalooban na nagsasayang ka ng oras, pagod at pera sa pagtatanim tapos sisirain lang din pala. Millions of pesos have been poured in by concerned groups. We cannot let them burn it all down just like that. May mas maganda naman paraan eh. ENFORCE THE LAW. At para yung pera at oras na ipangtatanim sana natin muli sa lugar na sinira nila ay magamit naman natin sa ibang lugar na nangangailangan din ng atin pansin at kalinga. Reference: Assessment Report on the State of the Areas in and around Mount Maranat https://www.scribd.com/document/337684858/Mt-Maranat-Assessment-Report-2016 The PROBLEMS of Ipo Watershed summarized. How can you help? https://web.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152553134683500&set=a.135645403499.109579.610168499&type=3&theater Why Green is Good https://web.facebook.com/notes/fredd-ochavo/why-green-is-good/595380620474766 Angat watershed - by DENR http://r3.denr.gov.ph/index.php/transparency-governance/citizens-charter/91-front-slider/182-angat-watershed Angat Watershed Forest Reserve https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angat_Watershed_Forest_Reserve Ipo Dam https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipo_Dam Republic Act No. 6938 - The Cooperative Code of the Philippines http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno6938.htm#.WR6QAdQrJkg Effects of soil erosion on water quality http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2001/2-26-2001/conf.html Bulacan deforestation ‘drying up’ Metro Manila water supply http://www.rappler.com/science-nature/environment/60761-ipo-watershed-mismanagement-denr-mwss Self-Watering Device or Drip Feeder (reforestation tips) http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi/index.php?showtopic=794 Reforestation Strategy, successful reforestation approach http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi/index.php?showtopic=790 More about Nature Conservation http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi/index.php?showforum=3 #treesph #hikersph CLICK THIS TO SHARE THIS ARTICE VIA FACEBOOK Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 05:59 PM.
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| emancampos | May 18 2017, 07:18 PM Post #2 |
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Illegal Settlers defecating in Metro Manila's Drinking Water/Ipo Dam (2014-07-19) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nZSkjzGfnE Think of these illegal settlers' feces and urine entering our own body through the water we drink everyday. ![]() credit to Fredd Ochavo and UPM MARANAT MATTERS Paano kaya natin mahinahong ipagbibigay-alam sa mga kasamahan nating mga mountaineers na ang tae na iniimbak natin sa kubeta sa taas ng Maranat Falls ay nakaka-apekto sa tubig inumin ng Metro Manila? RP:PinoyMountaineer on Fb Source: Freed Ochavo on Fb Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:04 PM.
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| emancampos | May 18 2017, 07:34 PM Post #3 |
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![]() credits to Fredd Ochavo and WhenInManila.com On a Facebook post by Pinoy Mountaineer, a photo of Dik Arvesu holding a sign saying “Bukod sa war on drugs, sana may war on deforestation din!!” is show. The photo was taken by fellow mountaineer and environmentalist Fredd Ochavo in Ipo Dam. President Duterte said on his first SONA that climate change should be a priority and with this, on behalf of the travel and outdoor community, I hope that pressing environmental concerns be given its much needed and long overdue attention. Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:07 PM.
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| emancampos | May 18 2017, 09:19 PM Post #4 |
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![]() credit to Fredd Ochavo But the biggest problem now are the illegal settlers. This must be addressed immediately before it becomes too difficult to relocate them out of the watershed. ![]() Photo: Illegal settlers Southwest of Mt. Oriod, which supplies water to Ipo and Angat, have already set up a community. It is possible that this will continue to expand. Expansion will also mean more people cutting trees and clearing areas for to convert into farmlands. Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:11 PM.
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| emancampos | May 20 2017, 01:21 AM Post #5 |
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Human Waste Disposal for Environmentally Critical Areas suggested toilet design and more tips ![]() FULL DETAIL, click here. Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:13 PM.
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| emancampos | May 21 2017, 10:22 PM Post #6 |
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Another serious threat to the watershed is illegal land titling or landgrabbing by moneyed or influential people One issue lately is the issue about a land developer who was able to purchase a portion of land at the boundary. The problem is that heavy equipment bulldozed the areas that are within the watershed area to build roads. This made poaching a lot easier. Charcoal-makers, loggers, illegal settlers and so on. If this is not checked, the land developer may eventually include that portion of the watershed to the land it has claimed already. See photos below; ![]() credit to Fredd Ochavo ![]() credit to Roby Piodos ![]() credit to Jepoy Agrabio ![]() credit to Jepoy Agrabio Climbers even said that the DENR placed a poster before, telling visitors that it is a part of the watershed. But it has been removed by someone. What this imply is that some are deliberately tying to encroach into the watershed. The land developer being the nearest to the area of conflict is being suspected of doing all these. Also, the bulldozers used to make the illegal roads are probably the same bulldozers around the area that are being used by the land developer. The DENR top management needs to intervene to finally settle this issue. Reforest The Road Initial efforts to recover the roads have been started last year with the creation of the Reforest The Road project by the DENR in cooperation with hikers. ![]() credit to Fredd Ochavo ![]() photo: credit to Fredd Ochavo ![]() photo: credit to Roj Mylahkwatsera Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:25 PM.
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| emancampos | May 23 2017, 12:28 AM Post #7 |
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OBSERVATION TOWERS![]() It also important that we setup a network of observation posts around the Ipo-Angat watersheds. Critical is the 3 observation towers at Mt. Balagbag, Mt. Tabernaculo facing Angat and Mt. Mabitoan to the Southeast side. Alternate peaks may be chosen by the DENR study group that will be assigned to draft the plan on this. ![]() Staff manning the towers will be given with Binoculars to effectively monitor the area. It can be 3 stories, wherein the groundfloor houses the bathroom and toilet, kitchen and generator. 2nd floor is sleeping quarters, 3rd is observation and radio room. rooftop is where the VHF antenna is installed. Solar power should also be tapped. Additional towers are needed since the Northern edge is suffering from severe deforestation and encroachment too. (photo below) ![]() These 4 towers guarding the Northern side must be set up. Also, 2 towers in the Eastern edge should be built too. Urgent and most vital is the tower at the summit of Mt. Balagbat since it provides a good view of the 30% of the whole Ipo-Angat watersheds. It also gives a clear view of the hills where the concentration of the kaingin, illegal logging and settlements is situated. ![]() Deforestation and encroachment, South of of Mt. Oriod If this is being claimed by private individuals, this must be recovered. It is vital that this tower is built as soon as possible. PRIMARY REASONS FOR THESE TOWERS 1. To provide an effective monitoring and observation 2. To remind everyone that this area is within the watershed 3. To prevent encroachment or illegal claims on the area. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ![]() VHF Base Stations should also be installed on this 3 primary towers. Another base will be set up at DENR CENRO for coordination on law enforcement, rescue and other concerns. The towers will serve as base stations for command and coordination with Forest Rangers, Forest Guards, Tour Guides and even Forest Management Unit officers. For emergencies, the tower operators will relay message to CENRO base for proper action. Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:32 PM.
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