| Human Waste Disposal for Environmentally Critical Areas; suggested toilet design | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: May 19 2017, 06:30 PM (113 Views) | |
| emancampos | May 19 2017, 06:30 PM Post #1 |
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Human Waste Disposal for Environmentally Critical Areas An improperly constructed toilet may harm the environment since seepage may reach the underground water table and contaminate it with germs (bacteria or virus) and even toxins. In other countries and even here in the Philippines, epidemic linked to cholera, diarrhea, amoebiasis and other related diseases has been found to have spread through contaminated water. It is vital that we prevent the contamination of the underground water table and the tributaries. FECAL MATTER DECOMPOSITION Good news is that poop will naturally decompose, disintegrate and become harmless in due time. In fact, a product called biomass or methane gas is being harvested by some for power generation. Decomposition of the fecal depends on moisture and temperature. Moist plus enough heat will decompose poop faster. In very dry areas, the poop will decompose longer. Under ice, the poop may last for years. SUGGESTED DESIGN ![]() I do not recommend other means since we need to consider the number of people who will use it, such as hikers frequenting a site, plus the issue on comfort and cleanliness or hygiene. We also need to keep the poop wet (water flushed into the bowl) since it helps in the decomposition. Then again, we cannot let that water reach the underground water table w/o being treated. The odor is also reduced greatly when the poop is submerged in water. The plastic drum is essential since it prevents leakage and it lasts longer than steel barrels. It has perforations at the bottom to allow the filtered water to drain into the ground for further filtration. This filtered water will eventually mix with the groundwater or be harvested by the tree roots or evaporate. At least the water has gone through filtration before it reaches the ground water. Tank is built using 4-inch hollow blocks, reinforced with steel rods. A plaster treated with a waterproofing mix is used to prevent seepage. The base is made of solid concrete. The common practice, which is not good for the groundwater, is that the base is not poured with concrete. The untreated water is likely to reach the groundwater table much easily. It is vital that no untreated or unfiltered water leaks out of the tank and reaches the groundwater table. The vent reduces methane gas stored in the septic tank and saves water since it is easier to flush the poop into the bowl when there's no air pressure build-up inside the septic tank. The drain draws excess water from the tank and transfers the water into the filter barrel. Coarse sand and fine sand act as granular filter. The coarse sand also keeps the fine sand from being moved to the top when water pours in. Charcoal somewhat removes chemicals, heavy metals, toxins, molds and other contaminants from the water. Cloth prevents the charcoal granules from leaking into the perforations at the bottom of the barrel. Alternative is used mosquito nets or fine fish nets. Put cloth layer between sand and charcoal layers too. Gravel, where the barrel sits on, prevents the soil from blocking the perforations. The soil on the ground filters the water further. DRY LATRINE I do not recommend this since this is unhygienic. Also, flies and other insects will be attracted to the fecal deposits and spread diseases. You won't be able to control the stench too. Moreover, for the fecal matter to decompose fast, it needs water. Being submerged in water also prevents foul odor and it prevents insects from coming in contact with the fecal matter. SELECTION OF SPOT WHERE TO INSTALL THE TOILET 1. 180 feet or 70 meters from rivers, falls, lakes, canals and any waterway. 2. Elevation mus be at least 15 meters above water level of river or lake. 3. The pit must not reach any moist layer. If it does, choose another spot. 4. The pit must not reach any rocky layer, limestone or basalt layer. 5. The pit, when dug, must not reach any moist layer since a moist layer implies that it is near the groundwater channel. If it does, cover it again with soil and dig another hole somewhere else. Hikers, mountaineers and volunteers may donate this project to hiking sites to spread the awareness on the need to protect the water table and other water sources such as rivers and lakes. This is easy to install since these filtering materials can be collected from around your house. For the usual homes, you don't need to install the filter barrel. Just direct the drain pipe to you drainage canals. Those in the provinces, they can just did a hole and direct the pipe to that hole and cover it. You may also reinforce the hole with hollow blocks. A 1 foot by 1 foot hole, 2 feet deep would be sufficient. Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:54 PM.
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| emancampos | May 19 2017, 08:31 PM Post #2 |
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Pooping On Trail![]() Always bring a tissue paper when you hike. Better yet, get those wet ones. Dry tissue first then clean it up with the wet ones. WHAT IF YOU FORGOT TO BUY TISSUE PAPER? Things probinsyano guys use as asswipe; ( asswipe talaga eh no? ) 1. twigs 2. leaves 3. stones 4. sea shells 5. tree bark 6. newspaper 7. notebook page 8. book's page (wag un buong libro!) 9. snack pack 10. candy wrapper (kaysa naman sa wala!) You can also donate your hanky or used undies. ![]() By the way, I do not recommend the canister that hikers can just carry on their backpack. It's kinda unhygienic. Also, what if there's a leak? Or what if someone accidentally opens it being unfamiliar with what it is and thinking it's a food container? Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:51 PM.
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| emancampos | May 19 2017, 08:32 PM Post #3 |
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SUGGESTED WASTEWATER FILTER SYSTEM ![]() This is easy to install since filtering materials can be collected from around your house. The overflow pipe should be directed to dry pit and not towards any water source. Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:50 PM.
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| emancampos | May 19 2017, 09:42 PM Post #4 |
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FOR HOMES TOO By the way, these toilet and wastewater treatment design is actually applicable to the common households. |
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| emancampos | May 19 2017, 11:06 PM Post #5 |
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PROPER SETUP OF YOUR BOREHOLE PUMP![]() Natatandaan ko yung kapitbahay namin sa probinsiya nuon. Yung kanilang poso ay mabaho ang amoy ng tubig na lumalabas, parang sa kanal, at masama ang lasa. Sinisipat ko at napansin ko na yuon palang binabagsakan ng tubig galing sa kusina, yung pinaghugasan ng pinggan ay duon mismo sa kinatatayuan din ng tubo ng poso bumabagsak. Nagkaruon ba ng maliit na parang pond kung saan naiipon yun maduming tubig at naging burak na yuong putik sa pond. Ito yung nagpapabaho sa tubig kasi ito rin ang tumatagas sa lupa at bumabalik sa groundwater na hinihigop ng bomba ng tubig. Used water, from your kitchen or bathroom, is called as Untreated Wastewater. Untreated Wastewater should not be allowed to seep into the ground and reach the water table w/o going through a treatment facility or at least a filtration system. Otherwise, the groundwater quality will be affected. Water will soon smell foul and taste bad. It may cause diarrhea and other serious illnesses. Used water from your bathrooms and kitchen should be drained into the drainage canal or filtering pond and should never be allowed to seep into the ground near where the water pump is located. Edited by emancampos, Jul 19 2017, 06:50 PM.
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12:32 AM Jul 11